case1~e ticket, train missed due to passengers fault~if he misses the train due to his fault, he needs to file tdr for the said train via irctc.co.in
case2~prs ticket, train missed due to passengers fault~need to present ticket to prs within 3 hrs of counter opening or uinder time restrictions
case3~e ticket/prs ticket,train missed due to late arrival of connecting train~can get ticket endorsed by station master and travel in next train if allowed, or else will have to file for refund of non travelled portion
case...
more... 1 and case 2 50% refund
case 3 refund of fare minus fare of travelled portion